Testicular torsion is a urological emergency that occurs when the spermatic cord, which provides blood flow to the testicle, becomes twisted. This twisting cuts off the blood supply to the testicle, leading to severe pain and potential tissue death (necrosis) if not treated promptly.
Cause: The spermatic cord twists, often due to a congenital abnormality called the “bell-clapper deformity,” where the testicle is not securely attached to the scrotum. It can also occur after trauma, physical activity, or spontaneously.
Symptoms:
Sudden, severe pain in one testicle.
Swelling and redness of the scrotum.
Abdominal pain.
Nausea and vomiting.
One testicle appearing higher than the other.
Risk Factors:
Age: Most common in adolescents (12–18 years) but can occur at any age.
Previous episodes of testicular torsion.
Family history of testicular torsion.
Physical Examination: A doctor may check for tenderness, swelling, and the position of the testicle.
Doppler Ultrasound: To assess blood flow to the testicle.
Urinalysis: To rule out infections or other conditions.
Emergency Surgery: The twisted spermatic cord must be untwisted (detorsion) within 4–6 hours to save the testicle. Delayed treatment can result in permanent damage or loss of the testicle.
Orchiopexy: During surgery, the testicle is often secured to the scrotum to prevent future torsion.
If untreated, testicular torsion can lead to:
Loss of the testicle.
Infertility (if both testicles are affected).
Infection or gangrene.
Testicular torsion is a medical emergency. If you or someone experiences sudden, severe testicular pain, seek immediate medical attention. Early intervention is critical to saving the testicle.
